Nobody: Homeric Constructions of Odysseus as Liar and Truth-Teller

Within the vast canon of ancient Mediterranean literature, few characters have attained the level of recognition and scholarly examination as Odysseus of Ithaca. As the long-wandering protagonist of Homer's Odyssey, one of the world's most enduring pieces of epic poetry, Odysseus has a far-reaching presence both in the classroom and in popular culture. The most defining characteristic of Odysseus has generally been identified as his μῆτις ("wisdom," "cunning"), a trait which has most often been associated with his propensity to lie and deceive. However, this thesis tackles the Odyssean μῆτις from the perspective of truth rather than falsehood. It argues that the instances in which Homer seemingly depicts Odysseus to be lying or manipulating are actually rhetorical strategies which illustrate ancient Greek beliefs surrounding the interplay between endurance of hardship and self-reflection. Therefore, Odysseus stands out as a man whose lies are not consciously intended to deceive, but rather sub-consciously meant to reveal and maintain individuality and identity during times of intense hardship. This interpretation of Odysseus as epic "truth-teller" rather than legendary "liar" serves to illuminate what I argue is a more "authentically Homeric" view of Odysseus himself and his impact on epic poetry. My argument is chiefly predicated on the appearances of Odysseus within the Epic Cycle and it also draws upon the character's reception in later ancient literature and philosophy.