How does screen-based color and flashing signals influence perceived distress levels in a robot?

The study is examining how screen-based visual signals influence perceived distress in a robot. Participants observed a robot displaying static and flashing color conditions and rated its perceived distress level using an eight-star scale (1 = least distressed, 8 = most distressed). The results aim to determine which visual signals most effectively communicate a robot's behavioral state through screen-based color cues. As robots are more integrated into human environments, clear communication of internal states is essential for intuitive interaction. Many robots lack facial expressions or complex gestures, making visual screen-based signals a primary method of non-verbal communication. Color theory carries strong psychological associations, with red often linked to urgency or danger and green associated with calmness or safety. Additionally, dynamic visual patterns such as flash may intensify perceived urgency compared to static displays.